NEET Biology Notes PDF 2027 | Class 11 & 12

*Chapter 13: PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS* 🌿   *20 NEET LEVEL QUESTIONS - "NOT ON GOOGLE"* 🔥   _With Detailed Solutions - 1-2Q concepts can come in NEET 2027_ --- ### *SECTION A: CONCEPTUAL + NCERT DEEP* `10Q` *Q1.* In C4 plants, Rubisco is active in bundle sheath cells but not in mesophyll. Reason? A. PEPcase is absent in mesophyll B. O2 concentration is low in bundle sheath = Less photorespiration C. Calvin cycle does not occur in mesophyll D. Bundle sheath chloroplasts are agranal Ans: B + D  Detail: In mesophyll, PEPcase fixes CO2 → OAA → Malate. Malate goes to bundle sheath and releases CO2. In bundle sheath, CO2 high + O2 low = Rubisco carboxylase activity increases, oxygenase decreases. Plus bundle sheath chloroplasts are agranal = Less PS-II = No O2 formed = Photorespiration negligible. This is why productivity is high in Maize, Sugarcane. NEET Trap: Option C is wrong because mesophyll has CO2 fixation even if Calvin is absent. *Q2.* When does cycli...

*Hello Friends 👋 Class 11 Biology Chapter 13: PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS 🌞 ke complete NCERT Short Notes le aaya hu. NEET 2027 walo ke liye 3-4 Questions Fix hai = 12-16 Marks Pakka 💯 Save kar lo, revision me kaam aayega ✅   ### *1. WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS* `Definition Line` Definition = Anabolic + Endergonic + Redox Process Equation: 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 ↑ Discovery: O2 from H2O Not CO2 = Proved by Ruben, Hassid, Kamen = O18 Isotope Chlorophyll = Primary Pigment = Trap Light Energy Site = Mesophyll Cells = Chloroplast = 5-7 µm Length, 2-4 µm Width ### *2. EARLY EXPERIMENTS* `1Q Pakka` **Scientist** **Experiment** **Conclusion** **Year** **Joseph Priestley** Mint + Candle + Mouse in Bell Jar Plants Restore Air = O2 Release 1770 **Jan Ingenhousz** Hydrilla + Sunlight O2 Released Only in Light + Green Part 1779 **Julius von Sachs** Leaf + Iodine Test Glucose Made in Green Part = Starch Storage 1865 **T.W. Engelmann** Cladophora + Prism + Aerobic Bacteria Ac...